Oncology Articles & Guides
In-depth educational content covering key concepts in modern cancer treatment, from drug mechanisms to clinical trial interpretation. These guides complement our tumor-specific data by providing broader context on the therapeutic approaches documented across CancerDrugEvidence.
PFS vs. OS: What Cancer Trial Endpoints Actually Mean for Patients
What is the difference between progression-free survival and overall survival? A guide to PFS, OS, DFS, ORR, and how the FDA uses them for approval...
Hazard Ratios Explained: What HR 0.70 Actually Means for Cancer Patients
What does a hazard ratio of 0.70 actually mean? This guide explains HRs, confidence intervals, and p-values in plain language with oncology examples...
How to Read a Kaplan-Meier Survival Curve: A Visual Guide for Oncology
A practical guide to reading KM curves — the axes, median survival, censoring marks, curve separation patterns, and the number-at-risk table...
Why Cancer Drugs Stop Working: A Guide to Drug Resistance Mechanisms in Oncology
Primary vs. acquired resistance, on-target mutations, bypass pathway activation, lineage switching, and how resistance biology guides next treatment selection...
Liquid Biopsy in Oncology: How Circulating Tumor DNA Is Changing Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
What ctDNA is, how it is detected, its clinical applications in targeted therapy selection, resistance monitoring, MRD detection, and multi-cancer early detection...
PARP Inhibitors Explained: How DNA Repair Defects Become a Cancer's Achilles Heel
Synthetic lethality, BRCA mutations, HRD, olaparib, niraparib, talazoparib — how PARP inhibitors work and which cancers benefit...
Tumor Mutational Burden and Microsatellite Instability: Biomarkers That Predict Immunotherapy Response
What TMB and MSI-H mean, how they are tested, which cancers are most affected, and why they matter for pembrolizumab and checkpoint inhibitor selection...
Accelerated Approval in Oncology: How Drugs Reach Patients Faster — and What Happens Next
How surrogate endpoints like ORR enable faster drug access, what confirmatory trial requirements mean, tissue-agnostic approvals, and the 2022–2023 withdrawal wave...
KRAS: The "Undruggable" Oncogene That Wasn't — How New Inhibitors Are Changing Lung and Colon Cancer
Why KRAS resisted drugging for 40 years, how sotorasib and adagrasib exploit the switch-II pocket, colorectal combination strategies, and next-gen G12D inhibitors...
Bispecific Antibodies in Cancer: How They Work and Which Cancers They Treat
T-cell engagers, dual checkpoint blockers, 10 FDA-approved bispecifics, and how they compare to CAR-T therapy for myeloma, lymphoma, SCLC, and lung cancer...
CAR-T Cell Therapy Explained: Engineering the Immune System to Fight Cancer
How chimeric antigen receptor T cells are engineered, the 3–6 week manufacturing process, all 7 FDA-approved products, CRS and ICANS toxicities, and allogeneic CAR-T...
Precision Medicine in Oncology: From Molecular Profiling to Targeted Treatment
How molecular profiling and genomic testing are transforming cancer treatment by matching patients with therapies targeting their tumor's specific gen...
Antibody-Drug Conjugates: The Guided Missiles of Cancer Therapy
Learn how antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) deliver chemotherapy directly to cancer cells, the science behind their design, and why they are reshaping t...
How to Read a Clinical Trial Listing: A Practical Guide
A practical guide to understanding clinical trial listings on ClinicalTrials.gov, including trial phases, endpoints, eligibility criteria, study desig...
From Lab to Bedside: How New Cancer Drugs Get Approved
An overview of the cancer drug development process from preclinical research through FDA approval, including clinical trial phases, regulatory pathway...
Understanding Cancer Immunotherapy: How Checkpoint Inhibitors Work
An in-depth guide to checkpoint inhibitors — the immunotherapy drugs that have transformed cancer treatment. Learn how PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 inhibit...